Reactivation of viral replication in the sensory nerve is shown by black circles (stage 1), which are transported to the skin where the virus causes a rash that progresses (stages 2-4). In stage 5, pain persists after the rash resolves due to damage to the nerve endings. Recovery of the nerves causes pain or discomfort. Pain that lasts more than 4 months after the resolution of the rash is considered postherpetic neuralgia. Credit: By Renee Gordon for FDA [Public domain], via Wikimedia Commons
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N. R. Gough, Prevent the pain, get the shingles vaccine. BioSerendipity (17 October 2018) https://www.bioserendipity.com/shingles-vaccines/